The Treasury Department s Actions - 806 Words

The Treasury Department’s Actions During the largest recession the United States has seen since the great depression, the Treasury Department sprung into action to stave off another depression. Within a short period of time after the housing bubble burst, financial institutions started to fail. Credit and liquidity virtually vanished within days. The government was forced to react quickly to thwart a complete financial collapse. An estimate from the public interest group Better Markets has calculated the cost of the recession close to $12.8 trillion (Puzzanghera, 2012). This number is criticized since it includes losses in economic output, GDP, and bail-outs, while home equity losses and consumer net wealth are not. This figure does give a good idea of the magnitude of the Treasury Department’s actions. A multitude of industries, and companies received direct financial aid. The government identified key economic areas where policies were needed, and provided credit and liquidity for growth in those are as. The quick response of the Treasury Department helped in reducing the negative effects of the financial crisis. The three economic theories that I identified in this financial crisis consist of classical economics, Keynesian economics, and aggregate market (AS-AD) analysis. There was also a fear of monetarism which has not come to fruition at this time. Economic Theories Classical economics is considered one of the original economic theories. It is based on theShow MoreRelatedThe Division Of Foreign Assets Control773 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Division of Foreign Assets Control was established in the Office of International Finance by a Treasury Department order in 1950, after People s Republic of China entered the Korean War. 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National Backlog of Untested Rape Kits - 1904 Words

Policy Analysis A. What is the policy? There exists national backlog of untested rape kits. This is an outrage with disastrous consequences for sexual assault victims. Currently, around 400,000 rape kits sit unexamined in laboratories and in police storage across the country—each one of them containing the potential to solve a crime, incarcerate a rapist and provide a victim with the justice they deserve. There are two types of rape kit backlogs in the United States: the publicly-known backlog of unexamined kits that have already been submitted to labs for testing and the secreted backlog of kits in law enforcement safekeeping that have not been sent for testing. This latter backlog is of particular concern since the programs already in place to reduce backlogs in laboratories, were not intended to address unexamined evidence stored in police stations. http://www.cornyn.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=InNewsContentRecord_id=d005d0ed-c1ad-4971-ad7b-edf6ffb20307 . Implementing the Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence Reporting (SAFER) Act would help State and local law enforcement agencies to end both the police storage and laboratory rape kit backlogs by providing State and local governments with subsidy to conduct one-year audits of the unexamined sexual assault evidence in their possession. http://www.cornyn.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=InNewsContentRecord_id=d005d0ed-c1ad-4971-ad7b-edf6ffb20307 . The act would also create a nationwide sexual assault forensicShow MoreRelatedThe Rape Kits Should Not Be Tested1164 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Backlogged Rape Kits Should Not Be Tested Imagine being an overworked investigator. More and more cases flood the desks of everyone, even though they are already pushed to their breaking point. Each person tries to handle each case that comes in, but some of these cases have no hope of ever becoming trials. Should not those cases be dropped, so investigators can focus on current cases that need immediate attention? This scenario ensues everyday in not only the offices of police and investigators

Down Syndrome Essay Research Paper Down Syndrome free essay sample

Down Syndrome Essay, Research Paper Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21 as it is besides normally known, is a familial status that for many old ages has been shrouded in fright, darkness A ; shame. There is absoultely nil to fear, and at that place neer should be any feelings of shame, it is non the individuals mistake. The lone darkness associated with down syndrome is the ignorance many people have towards it. Basically down syndrome means that a individual has one excess chromosome in each of the milions of cells in their organic structure. Alternatively of 46 chromosomes individuals with down syndrome have 47 chromosomes. The excess chromosome happens at the 21st brace, therefore TRISOMY 21. It can and does go on to anyone. When was down syndrome discovered? The late nineteenth century John Langdon Down, an English doctor, published an accurate description of a individual with down syndrome. It was published in 1866 and earned Down the acknowledgment as # 8220 ; father # 8221 ; of the syndrome. We will write a custom essay sample on Down Syndrome Essay Research Paper Down Syndrome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the twentieth century, progresss in medical specialty A ; scientific discipline enabled research workers to look into the features of people with down syndrome. It was subsequently determined that an excess partial or complete 21st chromosome consequences in the features associated with down syndrome. Why is down syndrome referred to as a familial status? The human organic structure is made up of cells, all cells contain a centre, called a karyon, in which familial stuff is stored. This familial stuff, knowsn as cistrons, carries the codifications responsible for all our familial features. Genes are grouped along rod-like constructions called chromosomes. Normally, the karyon of each cell contains 23 braces of chromosomes, half of which are inherited from each parent. In down syndrome, nevertheless the cells normally contain non 46, but 47 chromosomes, with the excess chromosome being a figure 21. This extra familial stuff in the signifier of extra cistrons along the 21st chromosome, consequences in down syndrome. Because 95 per centum of all instances of down syndrome oocur because there are three transcripts of the 21st chromosome, it is referred to as # 8220 ; trisomy 21 # 8243 ; . What causes down syndrome? Down syndrome is normally caused by an mistake in cell division called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is a faulty cell division which consequences in an embryo with three figure 21 chromosomes, alternatively of two. Prior to it, or at, construct, a brace of figure 21 chromosomes in either a sperm or the egg, fail to seperate. As the embryo develops, the excess chromosome is replicated in every cell of the organic structure. Why nondisjunction occurs is presently unknown, although it does look to be related to progressing maternal age. About 80 per centum of kids born with down syndrome are born to adult females over 35 old ages of age. This is because younger adult females have higher birthrate rates. Although nondisjunction can be of paternal beginning, this occurs less often. Because this mistake in a cell division is frequently present in the egg prior to construct, and adult females are born with their complete shop of eggs, it has been postulated that some environmental factors may be implicated in nondisjunction. However, despite old ages of research, the cause of nondisjunction is still unknown. There seems to be no connexion between any type of down syndrome and parents activities before or during a gestation. Mosaicism occurs wen nondisjunction of the 21st chromosome takes topographic point in one of the initial cell divisions after fertilisation. When this occurs, there is a mixture of two types of cells, some incorporating 46 chromosomes A ; some incorporating 47. Because of the # 8220 ; mosaic # 8221 ; form of the cells, the term mosaicism is used.

The Psychological Impact of the Patriot Act on the American Public

Introduction The advent of modern civilization has transformed governments into critical institutions. The importance attached to governments hinges on the view that they take responsibility for indispensable aspects of the wellbeing of their people. The sustenance of these principal responsibilities requires governments to adopt policies that are consistent with their development agenda.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Psychological Impact of the Patriot Act on the American Public specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good example of such a scenario is the United States’ enactment of the Patriot Act 2001 in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon coupled with the anthrax deaths that followed shortly afterwards (Skitka, Bauman Mullen, 2004). The involved policymakers drafted and enacted the Act hastily with nearly unanimous support from the entire US fra ternity with the hope that it would curb any further attempts to instigate similar attacks against the Americans. The perception of the people has changed from unanimous acceptance of the legislation to a state of ambivalence. In the light of this development, this paper seeks to explore the psychological impacts of the US Patriot Act on the Americans and unearth the reasons behind the change of attitude towards the Act. Historical overview of the US Patriotic Act 2001 The US Patriot Act of 2001 was enacted hardly six weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The name â€Å"USA PATRIOT† is an acronym for â€Å"United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism† (Hamm, 2004, p.6). According to Abdolian and Takooshian (2002), after the 9/11 attacks there followed a notable number of anthrax deaths, which were perceived to emanate from the use of biological weaponry in the quest to perpetuate terror against the US public. Like the Antiterrorism Act of 2006 and other similar legislation in the past, the US Patriot Act of 2001 drew sharp criticism later and it remains the subject of incessant debates to date. Reservations have been expressed over the Act’s curtailment of fundamental liberties of the American people. This situation is aggravated by the view that the US was founded on a philosophy of democracy, which espouses liberty and equality for all. In this sense, the Act is inconsistent with the long-standing values of the US and thus it marks a major step in the departure from the foundational philosophies of the United States of America. The psychological impact The Act was almost unanimously welcome at the time of its enactment. The legislature overwhelmingly voted in favor of the Act (Abdolian Takooshian, 2002). The position of the larger public was not any different as Skitka, Bauman, and Mullen (2004) assert that over two thirds of the US publ ic was in favor of the Act at the time of its enactment.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Skitka, Bauman, and Mullen (2004) observe that 49% percent of the US public was willing to sacrifice part of its civil liberties in favor of the fight against terrorism after the Oklahoma bombing of 1995. The figure rose to about 68% after the 2001 attacks, but was only 29% in 1997 when there was considerable calm (Skitka, Bauman Mullen, 2004).Therefore, the overwhelming support for the Patriot Act seems to have been largely sentimental. Many people including the legislators who passed the Act are on record saying that in retrospect, they conceded that their opinion of the Act was initially inspired by fear or simply not bothering to find out what it contained due to anxiety. For instance, Hamm (2004) notes that some legislators reiterated that the Patriot Act of 2001 was the worst legi slation they ever passed. It is extrapolated that less than five percent of the legislators who voted for the Act read it before voting in its favor (Hamm, 2004). Kashan (2009) notes that almost immediately after its enactment, the Act sparked heated debates all across the USA. There were numerous offensive provisions whose implications eluded its proponents until later when the Act came into full force. The Act allows the US Department of Justice to Tap telephones, e-mail messages, and personal computer hard drives (including roving wiretaps), without a legal probable cause, request private and personal business and bank records, without a court hearing, and solicit a patron’s list of library books. †¦investigate a person who is not suspected of a crime and/or is not the target of a terrorist investigation, secretly conduct â€Å"sneak-and-peek† searches without a warrant, withhold the names and other information about individuals arrested and detained, hold clos ed hearings, and monitor jailhouse conversations between attorneys and clients (Hamm, 2004, p.6). By all standards, this Act is the most overbearing legislation ever enacted in the history of the US (Bloss, 2009). The public expressed reservations for the legislation almost immediately after its enactment because of what followed. The 9/11 terror arrestees were reportedly mistreated in many ways while in custody. They were physically abused, denied the opportunity to see their attorneys, and detained for long periods without being informed of their offences (Hamm, 2004). In addition, the arrestees were largely Muslims or of Arab origin (Hamm, 2004). Despite the view that the perpetrators of the 9/11 attacks were Muslims or of Arab origin, it was not reason enough to brand every Muslim or Arab a terrorist. Intriguingly, this description underscores exactly what the government did and more so, with levels of impunity that prompted the US people to start thinking differently about the future implications of the Patriot Act. The Act was devised to prevent further terrorist attacks against the US, but it has been massively abused. Hamm (2004) observes that the FBI has been gathering intelligence on the activities of American environmental and anti-globalization organizations, which are well known not to engage in any terrorist activities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Psychological Impact of the Patriot Act on the American Public specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hamm (2004) adds that in the state of Indiana, FBI officers are reported to have approached a local librarian and demanded access to the borrowing records of certain Muslim students of Indiana University. The librarian declined, but he was threatened with arrest. Section 215 of the Patriot Act permits an FBI agent to obtain a subpoena from some designated courts and use it to gain access to anyone’s records without their knowledge. This would have been the case if the agents in the Indiana case had obtained the subpoena before their visit to the library. Intriguingly, they chose to visit the library without the document and threatened the librarian with arrest due to refusal to cooperate. In a separate case, President Bush’s administration sparked controversy when an American born citizen, Jose Padilla, accused of plotting a bomb attack, was incarcerated in solitary confinement for over three years without a right to trial because he was considered an enemy combatant (Kashan, 2009). The important question that arises in the light of such occurrences is whether the Patriot Act is worth the sacrifice that US citizens so willingly made for the sake of safety and security. Bloss (2009) argues that the hostility that US citizens show towards the Patriot Act is founded on the discovery that their liberties were sacrificed in exchange for security against terror attacks, yet this Act does not provide the purported security. Instead, they feel targeted due to the numerous unlawful actions by the security machinery against the public. Psychologically, this Act has kept the US public in constant anxiety because their confidence in the idea that the Act could enhance their security has waned over the years. The confidence has been replaced by frustration and feelings of betrayal because their long cherished liberties, such as the right to privacy among others, were sacrificed without being given the chance to give their opinions yet in the end they are at the receiving end. At the time of enactment of the Act, it is reported that over two thirds of the US public were in its favor. Naturally, everyone would expect such a reaction from the people especially if the devastating nature of the 9/11 terror attacks is considered. At the time of enacting the Patriot Act 2001, the US public emotionally and psychologically devastated. In that state, they could have welcomed anything t hat purported to provide security against similar attacks. They thus welcomed the Act with a sense of relief knowing that anyone attempting to plot a similar attack would be incarcerated.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, in the years that have followed its enactment, it has gradually dawned on US citizens that their relief was misplaced because the Patriot Act does not actually have the ability to eliminate terrorism as initially thought. Thus, the US public is constantly aware of the fact that the threat of terror attacks lives on. This creates a feeling of disappointment and gives them a resigned attitude over the same because efforts that have been made to alter the Act have all proved futile. The US citizens feel betrayed because although they expressed support for the Act, that was only after it had been enacted. The Act was completely devoid of their input even at the lowest level yet it took away the fundamental right to privacy. It is arguable that they were robbed of their privacy. This move creates a feeling of betrayal because for the average US citizen, his/her right to privacy is no more yet the fear of terror attacks still lives. This situation reflects the assertion by Zelman (2002) that citizenry that willingly gives up its liberties to the government in exchange for security and protection ends up losing both. In the US case, terrorism is still a reality that can manifest anywhere in the US at any time and on top of that, their every activity is monitored by the government. The Patriot Act trampled the right to privacy in the name of ensuring national security (Nieto, Johnston-Dodds Simmons, 2002). The gist of the controversy over this development is that the government has failed to use the freedom it gained through the Act objectively. Prior to this Act, the law cushioned the public against arbitrary action by the government. In addition, it was not possible for the government to eavesdrop on anyone or access any private records without permission from a court law (Nieto, Johnston-Dodds Simmons, 2002). Arguably, under such circumstances, it was a cinch for the unscrupulous individuals and groups to perpetuate all sorts of unethical and unlawful ac tivities against the US citizens, as although security agencies employed the best available intelligence techniques, they could not penetrate the private communication of individuals or groups to identify plots of terror attacks or other criminal activities. Thus, prior to the Patriot Act, the constitution’s position on human rights was an impediment to the ability of security agencies to combat terrorism (Zelman, 2002). This assertion is supported by the view that despite the government’s endeavors to fight terrorism; acts of terrorism were successfully planned and executed in the US. Logically, this planning involved people within the US communicating with others from outside the US, yet due to the law, the government was incapacitated and could not single out such communication and possibly avert the attacks. The devastating nature of the terror attacks recorded in the history of the US and specifically the 9/11 attacks made it permissible to sacrifice privacy right s to avert similar attacks. Law-abiding citizens who have nothing to hide need not have any problems with legislations such as the Patriot Act 0f 2001. The government needed to have to access to the records of every form of communication in order to work effectively with the Act, which implies that there is no way some elements of privacy could be exempted from the Patriot Act and still have it work effectively. The controversy surrounding the act should thus be blamed fully on the government as after obtaining the authority it required, it has failed to use the authority responsibly and objectively. It would not be so much of an issue if the government strictly adhered to the purpose of the Act and treated people lawfully during its enforcement. Conclusion The US Patriot Act was a well-intentioned piece of legislation that sought to enable the government deal firmly with terrorism. It is unfortunate that the manner in which it has been enforced has sparked furious debates on its su itability. Life is more important than privacy, but the government has failed to use its acquired authority constructively for the good of the US public. Security agencies seem to be spying for the sake of spying for the law allows it. Even though no terrorist attacks have been recorded since its enactment, the government has failed to use the Patriot Act for the intended use and it has instead turned it against the US Public. This move is not acceptable considering that the citizens lost their right to privacy for the sake of this legislation. Objectivity and goodwill need to be maintained if the Act is to be used effectively and without any major controversies. Recommendations To stop unscrupulous law enforcement agents from taking undue advantage over the public under the guise of implementing the Patriot Act, strict measures need to put in place to help identify such agents and severely punish them to restore public trust in the Act. The government should open up the extent and mechanisms of enforcing of this Act to the public scrutiny. The enforcement of this act is shrouded in secrecy yet the Act only curtailed the right to privacy and not right to information. References Abdolian, L., Takooshian, H. (2002). The USA Patriot Act: Civil liberties, the media and public opinion. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 30(4), 1429-1453. Bloss, W. (2009). Transforming U.S. police surveillance in a new privacy paradigm. Police Practice and Research, 10(3), 225-238. Hamm, M. (2004). The USA Patriot Act and the politics of fear. London, UK: Cavendish. Kashan, S. (2009). The USA Patriot Act: Impact on freedoms and civil liberties. ESSAI, 7(8), 86-90. Nieto, M., Johnston-Dodds, K., Simmons, C. (2002). Public and private applications of video surveillance and biometric technologies. Sacramento, CA: California Research Bureau. Skitka, J., Bauman, W., Mullen, E. (2004). Political tolerance and coming to psychological closure following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks : An integrative approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(6), 743-756. Zelman, J. (2002). Recent developments in international law: Anti-terrorism legislation-part two: The impact and consequences. Journal of Transnational Law Policy, 11(2), 421-441. This research paper on The Psychological Impact of the Patriot Act on the American Public was written and submitted by user Natasha M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Death of Balder in Norse Mythology

The Death of Balder in Norse Mythology Odin, the king of the Norse gods, often sat upon Hildskialf, the throne of the Aesir gods, with his companions, the two ravens, Hugin (Thought) and Munin (Memory), whispering in his ears. From this position, he could look out on all of the nine worlds. Sometimes his wife Frigg would sit there, too, but she was the only other god who was so privileged. Frigg was the second and favorite wife of Odin, whose daughter she may also have been. She was the only Aesir as clever and knowledgeable about the future as Odin, although her foreknowledge did not depress her as it did her husband. Frigg had her own palace, which was known as Fensalir, where she sat spinning clouds to float above Midgard. Fensalir also served as the afterlife home for married couples who wished to be together. It was a counterpart to the famous home of valiant warriors, Valhalla, where Odin spent much of his time - drinking (he is said to have stopped eating when he heard about the inevitable doom of Ragnarok) with his feasting and fighting companions and the Valkyries. Balder the Handsome The most handsome of the gods was born to Frigg and Odin. He was named Balder (also known as Baldur or Baldr). He was a god of truth and light. Balder was also knowledgeable in healing herbs and runes, which made him a favorite among the people of Midgard. Balder lived in a palace named Breidablik with his wife Nanna (n.b. there is also a Mesopotamian goddess of this name), a vegetation goddess. It was believed that no lie could pass through the walls of Breidablik, home of the god of truth, so when Balder started having frightening nightmares about his own demise, the other Aesir gods took them seriously. Unlike gods in other pantheons, the Norse gods were not immortal. They cataloged everything that might possibly cause Balder harm, from weapons to diseases to creatures. With the list in hand, Balders mother, Frigg, set out to exact assurances from everything in the nine worlds not to harm Balder. This wasnt hard because he was so universally loved. When she had completed her mission, Frigg returned to Gladsheim, the gods meeting hall, for a celebration. After a few rounds of drinks and toasts, the gods decided to test Balders invulnerability. A pebble thrown at Balder bounced off without hurting Balder, in honor of its oath. Larger weapons were used, including Thors axes and all refused to hurt the god. Loki the Trickster Loki is known as a trickster god. Sometimes he was mischievous, but he hadnt really been malicious. The giants were evil, but Loki, who was the son of a giant, hadnt been known as such. It seems his self-appointed job was to stir things up when things were going well. Its a Loki-type action that one wishes to avert when telling an actor to break a leg before a performance. Loki was disturbed by all the gaiety and decided to do something about it, so in disguise as a disgusting old hag, he went to Frigg while she was at Fensalir taking a break from the festivities. What was going on at Gladsheim, he asked her. She said it was a celebration of the god Balder. Loki-in-disguise asked why, then, were people throwing weapons at him? Frigg explained about the promises shed exacted. Loki kept at her asking questions until she finally revealed that there was one thing she hadnt asked because she thought it too small and inconsequential. That one thing was mistletoe. With all the information he needed, Loki set off to the forest to get himself a branch of mistletoe. He then returned to the festivities at Gladsheim and sought out Balders blind brother, Hod, god of darkness, who was in a corner because he couldnt aim and therefore couldnt participate in the test of Balders invulnerability. Loki told Hod he would help him take aim and handed Hod a piece of apparently innocuous mistletoe to throw. Hodur was grateful and accepted the offer, so Loki steered Hods arm. Hod launched the branch, which caught Balder in the chest. Balder died instantly. The gods looked towards Hod and saw Loki beside him. Before they could do anything, Loki fled away. Celebration turned to lamentation since the most beloved of the gods had died. Odin alone was aware of how disastrous this event really was for them all, for he knew that with the loss of light and truth, the end of the world, Ragnarok, was due soon. A funeral pyre was made that was so enormous the gods had to ask the help of the giants. They then placed their most valuable worldly possessions as gifts upon the pyre. Odin placed his golden armband Draupnir. Balders wife fell down dead of grief at the pyre, so her body was placed beside her husbands. [  The most beautiful and beloved of the gods, Balder, son of Odin, had been slain by his blind brother wielding a misletoe shaft aimed by Loki. Balders wife had joined him on the funeral pyre. After their funeral, they were in the world called Niflheim.] An attempt was made to resurrect Balder, but due to more of Lokis mischief, it failed. The goddess of death, Hel, promised that Balder could return to earth if every living creature shed tears of grief for Balder. It looked as though it would work, for everyone loved Balder, but Loki arranged for a single exception. Loki disguised himself as the giantess Thok. As Thok, Loki was too indifferent to cry. And so, Balder could not return to the land of the living. Balder and his wife remained in Niflheim. Another son of Odin, Vali,  revenged  the death of Balder, but not by getting back at  Loki. Instead, Vali slew his brother, the blind god Hod. Loki, who had fled the initial scene of Balders death in Gladhseim, and then re-appeared in disguise as the giantess Thok, tried to get to safety by turning into a salmon. The salmon-Loki hid in a waterfall. But the Aesir, who knew where he was, tried to catch him in a net. Loki was too clever for that and jumped right over the net. Thor, however, was fast enough to catch the leaping fish in his bare hands. Then Loki was bound in a cave with venom dripping onto his body, which caused him to writhe in pain - until the worlds end in Ragnarok. (The story of  Prometheus  has a similar punishment.) Sources Ragnarok. Timelessmyths.com. Roberts, Morgan J. Norse Gods and Heroes. Myths of the World, Reprint edition, Metro Books, December 31, 1899.

Learning to Learn Skills as a Foundation

Learning to Learn Skills as a Foundation Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and other developmental disabilities often lack skills that are pre-requisites for success in school. Before a child can acquire language, hold a scissors or pencil, or learn from instruction, he or she needs to be able to sit still, pay attention and imitate the behaviors or remember the content of instruction. These skills are commonly known, among practitioners of Applied Behavior Analysis, as Learning to Learn Skills: In order to succeed with children with Autism, it is important that you evaluate whether they have those learning to learn skills. The Skill Set Waiting: Can the student stay in place while you arrange materials, or begin a session?Sitting: Can the student stay seated, on both buttocks, in a chair?Attending to others and materials: Can you get the student to pay attention to you (the instructor) or when presented with materials?Changing responses based on prompts: Will the student change what he/she is doing if directed to do so, with physical, gestural or verbal prompts.Following instructions: When given instructions, will the child comply? This implies that the child has receptive language.Following choral, or group instructions: Does the child follow directions when given to a whole group? Or does the child only respond to directions given with their name? The Continuum The learning to learn skills above are really arranged in a continuum. A child may learn to wait, but may not be able to sit appropriately, at a table. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders often have co-morbid problems, such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD ) and may have never sat for more than a few seconds in one spot. By finding reinforcement that a child really wants, you can often shape these primary behavioral skills. Once you have completed a reinforcement assessment (evaluating and discovering reinforcement that your child will work for,) you can begin to assess where a child is on the continuum. Will he sit and wait for a preferred food item? You can move from the preferred food item to a favorite or preferred toy. If the child has sitting and waiting skills, you can expand it to find if the child will attend to materials or instruction. Once that is evaluated, you can move on. Most often, if a child has attending skills, he may also have receptive language. If not, that will be the first step of teaching the ability to respond to prompts. Prompting. Prompting also falls on a continuum, from hand over hand to gestural prompts, with the focus on fading prompts to reach independence. When paired with language, it will also build receptive language. Receptive language is critical for the next step. Following directions If a child will respond correctly to prompts, when paired with words, you can teach following directions. If a child already responds to verbal directions, the next thing to assess is: Does a child follow choral or group instructions? When a child can do this, he or she is ready to spend time in the general education classroom. This should hopefully be an outcome for all our children, even if only in a limited way. Teaching the Learning to Learn Skills The learning to learn skills can be taught either in one to one sessions with an ABA therapist (should be supervised by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst, or BCBA) or in an early intervention classroom by the teacher or a classroom aide with training. Often, in early intervention classrooms, you will have children who come in with a range of abilities in the learning to learn skills and you will need to focus the attention of a single aide on children who most need to build the basic sitting and waiting skills. The instructional model for ABA, like the model for behavior, follows an ABC sequence: A: Instruction. This needs to fit the outcome. If the first instruction is to sit, you may have to physically guide the child into the chair, accompanied by a verbal description of what is happening: Sit down, please. Okay, were sitting with our feet on the floor, our bum on the chair.B: Behavior. What the behavior is will determine the next step.C: Feedback. This is either correcting the response or praise, either paired with reinforcement, a token (secondary reinforcement) or once you have some behavioral momentum, every second to fourth correct response, or correction. The most important thing is to be clear about what is the desired response - you never want to reinforce an incorrect response (although an approximation is appropriate when shaping behavior. Called Discrete Trial Teaching, each instructional trial is very brief. The trick is to mass the trials, in other words, bring the instruction on hard and heavy, increasing the amount of time that the child/client is engaged in the targeted behavior, whether it is sitting, sorting, or writing a novel. (Okay, thats a bit of an exaggeration.) At the same time the teacher/therapist will be spreading out the reinforcement, so that each successful trial will get feedback, but not necessarily access to reinforcement. The Goal The final outcome should be that students with Autism Spectrum Disorders will be able to succeed in more naturalistic settings, if not actually in a general education classroom. Pairing secondary or social reinforcers with those primary reinforcers (preferred items, food, etc.) will help children with more challenging disabilities function appropriately in the community, interact with people appropriately and learn to communicate, if not to use language and interact with typical peers.

Detainees in Afghanistan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Detainees in Afghanistan - Research Paper Example The collection of materials is primary objective of the HUMINTS and should be pursued with due diligence in order to enhance the credibility of their findings. The purpose of the human intelligence should be intended to enhance human and technical collection techniques with due respect to the national laws. Collection of Information Collection of information is the major duty of HUMINT operations and it must be done with utmost care to safeguard their operations and yield good results. The credibility of collected information is vital to the success of the HUMNT operations and must be safeguarded at all costs in their operation. This is because this is their core mandate in their operations both nationally and internationally. The elements of the intelligence community are authorized to collect and retain any information based on the command of the organization in which they work for and the interest of the information they pursue.2 The procedures or information use and retention sho uld also be done after the consultation with the attorney general of the concerned state. Such procedures protect constitutional and other legal rights and limit the use of such information to unlawful government purposes thus infringing the rights of the victim. The use of electronic surveillance is only limited for the purposes of training, testing and conducting countermeasures to hostile electronic surveillance and is thus avoided in most instances. Inconsequential physical searches by the elements of intelligence community are also highly restricted by the law. The attorney general is delegated the power to give the necessary legal assistance and advice in the operations of the HUMINT practices. The elements of intelligence services are expected to cooperate with other appropriate law enforcement agencies for the purposes of protecting information and property of any element of the intelligence community. The members of the intelligence are authorized to provide special equipme nt, technical knowledge and necessary assistance when the lives of the suspects are endangered and support the local law enforcement agencies in necessary sectors. The provision of personnel services is limited to the approval by the general counsel in the concerned cases. The intelligence members are permitted to render any assistance and cooperate to law enforcement agencies and other civil authorities not precluded by the law in the course of their services.3 All the operations of the human intelligence members are required to be consistent with the law and any act of violation of the constitution is punishable by the courts of law. The participants of human intelligence services are not entitled to join or participate in any organization as they wish in the course of their operations. This can only be done in accordance of the procedures established by the head of intelligence and should be of the interest of the intelligence services. HUMINT Military Regulations The HUMINT has got various limitations and capabilities with regard to military operations in any part of the world. They have the ability to collect information and cross cue from endless variety of potential sources in all respects including detainees and related documents. They are to focus on collection of information not available by other means which includes information on threat intentions

Causes and Effects of European Exploration Research Paper

Causes and Effects of European Exploration - Research Paper Example All the European nations had almost similar desires for these explorations, of which they struggled to accomplish. This exploration also had some impacts which came as a result of it. Some of the causes and effects are further discussed in the paper. The causes were as follows: the desire to find new trade routes, need of more resources, and search for more knowledge, the desire of the emperor expansion and the spread of Christianity. As a result of the exploration several things happened. Some of the impacts were: discovery of new trade routes, establishment of the line of demarcation, the spread of Christianity, the extinction of the natives, introduction of slavery, the ignition of rivalry, the establishment of the triangular trade route, the Columbian exchange and the capitalism rise. These causes and effects will be discussed further in this paper together with their importance in the study of history. Causes â€Å"Great discoveries in transportation, navigation, and communicat ion of the Scientific Revolution during and after the European Rennaissance (late 1400s- early 1500s) led to the thirst for adventure and exploration† (Bentely, Jerry, and Herbert, 2008, p.97). ... In the 1400s, refrigeration had not been discovered, so people were using salt to preserve foods like meat and other perishable food products. Therefore, they required more spices to neutralize the salty food and to minimize the bad taste of the meat that was almost going bad. â€Å"The spices and exotic items serve to whet the appetites of the European communities and arouse a great demand for much more of the same,† (Koch, 2003, p. 68). These spices were only excised in Asia that is why; these European needed an easy route to Asia. Before, the only route was through the mountains across Turkey which had become too difficult due to the hostile Turkish Empire. The prizes of these spices had risen, and the nation that could find a way of bringing these spices to Europe, would generate a lot of income and become so powerful in the region. The desire to get this possible sea route was a common aim in almost all European nations. One of the major explorations is the Christopher Co lumbus famous voyage to the new world. The voyage started from Palos Spain in the year 1497 in which they were in search of route to Asia to get these spices. Instead, they came across a new land, the land of America. After some time, other voyages followed Columbus. At first, they thought this new land was just a little land, but with time they discovered that America had valuable resources. Vasco da Gamer later made it to Asia through sea and from then, the European got an easy sea route to Asia. The other cause of the exploration was the need of the growing power and wealth within the European nations. The European nations fought many wars; they fought against themselves and also against the Empire of Turkey. During these wars, they used a lot of

``The Rise of Silas Lapham by Dean Howells Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Silas Lapham by Dean Howells Essay Argumentative thesis : In Dean Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham, Silas was a man victimized of the Gilded age as seem through the sudden immigration of his family to Boston and his obscure and ambitious attempt of permeating the upper social strata by means of having his daughters marry an elite of the aspired social ground, and having his business on a set back. All of which points a significance in the development of the Gilded age. Introduction The Gilded Age in American history is marked by the growth of industry and wave of immigrants along the territorial arena. Coined by Mark Twain, the age refers to the period of conspicuous luxury yet corrupted beneath. There was a development in railroad industry, and steel and oil production instantly were in great demand during this period. Some men, hence, has been prominently a subject to opportunities of formidable opulence and wealth. To name, there was John D. Rockefeller famed for his oil success and Arnold Carnegie renowned for his steel undertakings. known both as robber barons (people who acquired wealth and fortune through various ruthless business deals). While several people distinctively wore diamonds, there are however still a number of people who clothed rags. And as a consequence of the well-offs immodesty towards the working class of the time, revolts ideal of and accompanied by revenge were instilled upon the urban poors psyche. Point of view of Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham by W.D. Howells portrays the societal views of discrimination during the Gilded era. Furthermore, it highlights the changing roles of women in the context of traditional society, consequently partitioning rights unto feminists. W.D. Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham is a story about the materialist rise of an American man through the establishment of his fortune upon his fathers discovery of a vast amount of mineral grade. The narrative focuses on the societal differences distinctively acknowledged by both newly-rich and old-rich milieu. In addition, the book draws attention to the clashing and shifting of moral and financial profits of the newly-rich and the substantial growth of the old-rich society. The newly-rich social order has managed to rise above the old-rich yet still far less in culture and manners. on the other hand, it was the refinement and social sophistication that the old-rich tries and ventures to maintain. Howells’ protagonists The storys protagonist, Silas, despite being a man of affluence, still happens to possess no social standard typical of the rich ones. He still further finds it difficult to adjust his and his familys lifestyle into the new realm of wealth they have in their newfound place. Seemingly, this first and foremost conflict brought about by his sudden rise in the social class, puts him into a victims shoe during the Gilded age. Consequently, the blinding actuality of luxury and wealth deprives Silas of the notion of morality. Silas Lapham tries to attain such a social standard through the venture of having his two daughters marry an elite class from the Aristocratic family of the Corey. This particular area of the novel, however tracks down Silas fatality as a businessman. Apparently the distinct division or societal strata imposed upon by the time significantly poses the realist and materialist subjugation of Silas Lapham towards the nature and effects of the Gilded age. Archetypal of the Gilded age was the height of economic prowess among the people of America and the relocations to other places by the rich. This immigration flight is paralleled to Silas Laphams immediate acquisition of wealth and his familys resettlement to Boston. Subsequently, such reposition corrupted Silas Lapham of his previous moral obligations as seen on the first chapter of the book.   We quote a passage from the book most which most illustrative,   â€Å"she [mother] was a little frail thing, not bigger than a good-sized intermediate school-girl but she did the whole work of a family of boys, and boarded the hired men besides. Silas’ mother was depicted as frail yet did all the housework alone including taking care of the hired men. And still she managed to have time for church and teach her sons to read the Bible (Howells, 1993). Silas’ mother was good but apparently, the image and picture of a mother did not in anyway affected Silas. This despite the imagery which was highlighted by Howells wherein Silas narrated or viewing her mother kneeling while in a church service and it reminded him of his mother cleaning him up for bed on her knees washing his dirty feet. An non-immutable class Evidently, Silas at a younger age seemed to have a manner of neglect on his mothers moral inculcations while running bare all day and having then the luxury of being fixed decent for bed by his mother. This same attitude exuded by Silas appears to be distinguished upon his sudden fortune. Drowned in luxury, he administered his business in paint and ignored the goodwill of being such a business-oriented individual during the time. Furthermore, Silas Laphams extravagant objective of entering the class-above through the marriage of one of his daughters to Tom Corey, a wealthy Aristocrat in the truest sense, signaled the downfall of his entrepreneurship. This fall is significant also to the constituents of the Gilded Era. Howells’ prose is full of powerful imageries hence the book is not so a discourse but a depiction of the fundamental conflict which gave the Gilded Era its characteristic trait. Thus adversity is a friend but it took away the hope of a social success.   Wealth made the new rich but it is no guarantee of social acceptance. Hence redemption is through failure, a return to the fundamental trait and character.   Manhood to Howells’ Lapham was taken away by prosperity but prosperity was the alpha and the omega of the Gilded Age. Emptiness could be the thematic running through the lines of The Rise of Silas Lapham (Howells, 1993). This part of the book correlates the failure of Silas to belong and be among the respected class in his society. Despite the fat that Silass daughter Penelope, had accepted the marriage proffered by Tom Corey, it is evident that such means of penetrating the upper classs culture still is not enough to sustain his grasp from fortune. This could be due to the fact that the Coreys and Laphams are incongruent in class. Tom Corey could not let go of his class, could not betray class loyalty as if class is something permanent. We could see this on a passage of Howells depicting the feeling of Corey on their basic difference with Lapham. Howells offered an insight to the psyche of the aristocrat. Corey deliberated snubbed Lapham by going into the larger office, a symbolic place unreachable to Lapham.   In this scene, Corey was furious at Lapham for no other reason than culture as this passage described, â€Å"he thought of him the night before in the company of those ladies and gentlemen, and he quivered in resentment of his vulgar, braggart, uncouth nature (Howells, 1993).† The question of class of being born into was delved further by Howell. He explored allegiance to the â€Å"exclusiveness to which he was born and bred, as a man perceives his duty to his country when her rights are invaded (Howells, 1993).† The seeming innocence of Lapham, the simplicity of his social breeding has made the Corey character detest not Lapham personally but what he represents. Thus this passage of Howells depicting such social conflict connected pride, social traditions, suppressed emotions and feelings in the persona of Corey, we quote thus, â€Å"the stings and flashes of his wounded pride, all the social traditions, all the habits of feeling, which he had silenced more and more by force of will during the past months, asserted their natural sway, and he rioted in his contempt of the offensive boor, who was even more offensive in his shame than in his trespass (Howell, 1993).† As a matter of speaking in fact, one can view this attitude of Tom towards Lapham as the truth behind every breed man, that you can take an individual from his class, but you cannot take the class itself from the individual. Rather interrogating the value of his class as Why are there effective markers designated to delineate each class? Tom simply stitched himself up with his classs doctrine to have a delineation or barrier among other classes. This mindset was among the Gilded Ages contribution to American vista and notion of social stratification, unmistakably portrayed in W.D. Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham. As a player in the said age of mental framework, Silas, nevertheless, have been sightless of the potential features and indication of his forthcoming downfall. Because of being at hand with invariable riches, and mentally bolstered to acquire even more, Silas had failed to point the rationalities of his actions. He made his purchased wealth as the object of his desires, thus, casting a victimized light upon the identity of Silas himself. The way it began, hope for change To further apprehend the casualty on Silas Laphams life, we point the fall of his business and his suppression to bankruptcy. Moreover, we can aim at the abrupt shift of control over his household as he turned ill. His wife, Peris has to slot in as to what had befallen the business and run the household herself. This instance indicates the strength cultivation and advancement of women in the society. In general, the Gilded Era has been portrayed by W.D. Howell in his book The Rise of Silas Lapham. The typical recurrences of events, social state of mind and the distinction of classes of the time as participated by Silas in the story envelopes well the idea of how people have geared and approached the materialism of the present time. References Herring, R. (2005-12-05 ). The Business of Marriage in The Rise of Silas Lapham (Publication. Retrieved 20 July 2007: http://locus.cwrl.utexas.edu/herring/node/9 Howells, W. D. (1983). The Rise of Silas Lapham : Penguin Books. THE RISE OF SILAS LAPHAM by William Dean Howells Library of America PB (Publication.: http://cgi.ebay.com/The-Rise-Of-Silas-Lapham-by-William-Dean-Howells-1991_W0QQitemZ160138548936QQihZ006QQcategoryZ377QQcmdZViewItem (Publication. Retrieved 20 July 2007: http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~de271296/SilasLapham.htm (Publication. Retrieved 20 July 2007: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gilded (Publication. Retrieved 20 July 2007: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/gilded_age/index.cfm (Publication retrieved 20 July 2007: http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/etext94/silap10.htm (Publication retieved 20 July 2007: http://locus.cwrl.utexas.edu/herring/node/9

Television and Media Essay - TV and the Impact on Children :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Television and the Impact on Children      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have you ever wondered how television affects your children?   The average child watches television 2 hours per week and most of this viewing is of violence or sexual acts.   During this time there is a violent act shown every 6 minutes and on Saturday mornings there is 20 to 25 violent acts shown every hour on prime time t.v. especially in cartoons or animated programs.   So no matter what your child is watching it is damaging their sense of imagination and creativity.   Now there is no need for children to use their imagination and creativity anymore, television has even taken that away from them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In today's generation television has a great influence on children. Unfortunately most of the programs watched by children have a negative impact and give the wrong impression of what really happens in everyday life. It also influences their development and their behaviours.   "In fact childhood development experts say infants as young as 14 months old imitate behaviour they see on t.v and children up to the age of 5 lack the cognitive ability to distinguish fact from fantasy"(Internet; Children and television violence) Therefore what they see on t.v is what they are most likely to imitate. Cartoons are even showing numerous acts of violence and most of this violence is done by the "good guys".   For example, Power Rangers; how do they get rid of the bad guys? by fighting .   During the whole episode you see the "Rangers" kicking, punching and attacking the bad guys.   Other shows like X-men, Sailor Moon, Looney Tones, and even Care Bears show violence towards others.   It's no wonder children think it's okay to act this way when even their "Super Heroes" who are supposed to be the good guys are hurting others.   They see the good guys doing these things and think it's appropriate.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I've notice even with my own cousin that when he has finished watching an episode of Power Rangers he tends to get aggressive and hyper-active.   He copies the exact same moves that the Power Rangers use.   It's almost like he believes he is one of them.   He believes that when he punches people or kicks them that it doesn't hurt because that's what he sees on t.v.   It's not like you see the characters ever show any pain.   Even when he plays with his friends they pretend that they are Power Rangers vs. the bad guys and fight each other. Shows like this even have the use of guns, which I don't believe in.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In schools, teachers have noticed the difference between children who

Walmart Global Expansion

Wal-Mart’s Global Expansion Introduction Sam Walton established Wal-Mart at Arkansas in 1962. It has grown dramatically over the last 40 years and has become one of the world’s largest retailers with the sales of $401 billion in a year ending Jan. 31st 2009. Wal-Mart has approximately 7,000 stores globally with 2 million employees. It is the largest private employer in Mexico and Canada with the employee figures hitting around 1. 4 million in this region. It also operates 3,600 additional stores in 16 worldwide markets that include China, Japan, South Korea, India and United Kingdom. Wal-Mart does particularly well in Canada where they have a chain of 314 stores. In 2008, it had 92,284,000 dollars of gross profit. Wal-Mart serves its customers and members over 200 million times per week and ranked first among retailers in Fortune Magazine’s 2009 Most Admired Companies survey. Wal-Mart provides sustainability- focused products. Wal-Mart not only provides jobs for senior citizens and students but also provide opportunities to build careers with competitive salaries. The retailer claims that 75% of its stores management team joined the company as hourly sales associates. Wal-Mart has also got an impressive ethical policy which includes regular use of recycling products and creating almost zero landfill waste. The company also makes vast amount of donations to different local level charitable organizations every year for improving people’s lives, which made Wal-Mart a trusted organization for funding the community programs to address hunger, homelessness, education, job training and other basic needs. International Expansion of Wal-Mart and its Benefits By 1990, Wal-Mart realized that the opportunities for growth in United States is becoming limited because of the saturation of the market and decided to expand their business globally. Their international expansion put a greater impact on international market and has changed the way business is conducted globally. It has also increased the benefits for the consumers as it helps them spend less money on goods they purchase. The company’s relationship with their key suppliers such as General Electronics (For appliances), Unilever (For Food Products) and Procter & Gamble (For Personal care products) is very good. All these suppliers are internationally recognized with vast global expansion and because of this Wal-Mart are able to demand deeper discounts from the local operations of its suppliers. Apart from these world renowned suppliers Wal-Mart also does business with more than 2,500 minority and women-owned business enterprises (MWBE). The result of this good relationship with suppliers means they can lower their prices to attract more consumers, gain market share and increase their profit margins in international market. Wal-Mart claims in its data sheet for December 2009 that its international business achieved 11. % rise in sales for the whole financial year. Except the profit and market share another benefit of international expansion for Wal-Mart is the flow of different ideas for example, a double-floor store in New York was opened because of the success of multi-floor stores in South Korea. Other ideas such as the layout of the wine department in Argentina have now been used into th e layouts of company’s stores worldwide. Wal-Mart is also constantly trying to improve its reputation ethically and consistently helping over 100,000 charitable and community-focused organizations by providing financial and volunteer support. Retailer’s policy of buying fair-trade products in the international market is also attracting the attention of many consumers to shop in Wal-Mart. Risks When Entering Other Retail Markets The idea of expanding internationally was initially jeered off and the critics showed that Wal-Mart’s style of trading only suits to an American market, which in other countries is not going to work because of the different market structure, people’s taste and the popularity of already established retailers. But instead of all the critics Wal-Mart went ahead with an idea and in 1991opened their first international branch in Mexico. Expanding business internationally also brought some risks for the retailer as being new in the market they faced problems like bad infrastructure, lack of leverage from their suppliers and no knowledge about consumers taste, which resulted the rise in prices of their products and lack of interest from the consumers. One prime example of this kind of mistake was in Mexico where they merchandised products like ice skates, lawn mowers and fishing tackles which were good sellers in United States but without a surprise didn’t do well in Mexico. Managers had to reduce prices to sell that stock but it was re-ordered because of the automated ordering system. These problems created a large risk to prove the critics right about Wal-Mart not surviving internationally. Diminishing the Risks Wal-Mart learned vastly from their experience in Mexico and after that whenever they entered any international market they took strict measures on not repeating the same mistakes. To avoid risks of making past mistakes they made deals with vehicle companies which means improved and frequent distribution system, adapted local environment and merchandised goods in stores that appealed local tastes. With the grown presence of Wal-Mart in the international market their suppliers built factories near the distribution centers so they could serve the company better, which meant frequent inventory and cutting down the cost to get better market share. These are the tactics that has made Wal-Mart one of the most successful and globally recognized retailer in the world. Entering Mexico via Joint Venture Wal-Mart first entered Mexico through a joint venture with Cifera, because it was the largest local retailer in Mexico which was somehow within the standard as Wal-Mart was in the United States. The other reason it entered through a joint venture was because they wanted to be on the safe side when entering a new market considering they had no previous experience of the market they were planning to enter and hoped the experience from Cifera will help them in making their brand global, which they had planned to do after the market in America got saturated for domestic growth. Financial Aspect of Joint Venture As for the financial aspect of joint venture seems to be that both companies can benefit from the profit as well as share the risk and cost. Get a greater access to resources which both companies can share with each other and also the availability for both companies to a new market distribution. While not to forget the risk of this particular idea for a business is that every company has different objectives on how to move forward with the business. The other risk is the communication flow as one company can be centralized and the other decentralized. Purchase of Joint Venture Partner The major reason believed to push Wal-Mart to buy of their Mexican joint venture partner Cifera. Was that they had gained enough experience working in Mexico which was around about 7 years and during that time they had increased their sales of good as well as made contacts to help them prosper without the help of having a joint venture. After getting exposed and experience within the market they had considered to start their own chain of stores to have a firsthand control rather than having to collaborate with their partner to make certain decisions. The other reason could be considered that is since their deployment in the Mexico during 1991 when goods were being sold at 20 percent more than in the States due to various different conditions such as transport and production of goods. They were able to sort out the problem by at first having a deal in place with a major transport company to bring products from their factory to the stores in Mexico, which later on opted on suppliers to open factories around areas where stores were located which enabled to cut down on logistics cost. Having this in place they were able to provide the same goods in the same price as they did in the States. Difference of Strategy for Dominance Before explaining the strategy that Wal-Mart pursued it would be helpful in understanding the strategies. As per the question four different strategies were provided to consider and show the one chosen by Wal-Mart to match its strategic choice and why. The four strategies are global strategy, localization strategy, international strategy, and transnational strategy. Global standardization strategy is a â€Å"strategy that focuses on increasing profitability by reaping cost reductions from experience curve and location economies† (Hill, 2009). Localization strategy is a â€Å"plan which focuses on increasing profitability by customizing the goods or services to match tastes in national markets† (Hill, 2009). Transnational strategy is a â€Å"plan to exploit experience-based cost and location economies, transfer core competencies with the firm, and pay attention to local responsiveness† (Hill, 2009). Lastly international strategy is â€Å"trying to create value by transferring core competencies to foreign markets where indigenous competitors lack those competencies† (Hill, 2009). Domination The strategy that Wal-Mart used to go global from United States was the global strategy at first in Mexico but after noticing that the strategy has no affect rather than sales going up they had to cut down the price of goods to be able to sell them. This enabled the company to change from global to localization strategy which is to focus on increasing profitability by customizing the firm’s goods or services they provide a good match to tastes and preferences in different national markets. This enabled them to adapt to the local market and provide goods that matched the local environment. As for making sense of this strategy it was a valuable and the right decision considering the outcome from the change. As profit grew so did the hold in the market as well as outsmarting their nearest rival by having more than twice as many stores within the country. Conclusion To conclude, Wal-Mart benefited vastly from their global expansion. It experienced an increase of global market share, reputation and profit margin. It also gained economies of scales. Although, they faced massive problems when they took their business internationally but they quickly learned from their mistakes and adapted the strategies according to different international markets, which benefited them in many ways. Wal-Mart ranked 8th in 2009 Forbes Magazine’s of global companies but 1st in global retailers ranking and if they keep attracting consumers by their business strategies then without a doubt it will stay the top retailer for a long time.

Investigating Water Potential of Swed

eInvestigating water potential of swede The aim of our experiment was to investigate the water potential of swede and then use our results to help us determine the water potential of plant tissue. This overall flow of water from a dilute area of high water potential to a more concentrated solution of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane is called osmosis.I predicted that the swede cylinders which are put in a test tube with a low potential of sucrose solution would become turgid because the water molecules that are present in the swede will move away from an area of higher potential of water molecules to an area that has a lower potential of water molecules, this means that the swede sample will gain mass and become full almost to an extent where it is ready to burst.The swede samples that are going to be put in a test tube with a high potential of sucrose solution will become flaccid because the swede cylinder will have a higher potential of water molecules and so these molecules will diffuse into the sucrose solution as it has a lower water potential, this means that the potato sample will shrivel and loose mass. Equipment * Plant tissue such as swede * 1M sucrose solution * Distilled water * Boiling tubes * Cork borer size No. 5 or 6 * Scalpel, white tile and ruler * Boling rack tube to hole six tubes * Measuring cylinders * 10cm cubed syringes Chemical balance * Tweezers * Labels or Chinagraph pencil/OHP pen * Bungs to fit boiling tubes * Paper towel for blotting To ensure that our experiment gave us the best possible outcome of results and to make sure that we carried out the experiment safely we were extra cautious with the type of equipment we used and how we used it. If we used more than one swede we made sure that the swede was of the same brand and roughly the same size this helped to reduce any errors in our results. We took care with any glassware and cutting equipment that we used to reduce the risk of anyone getting injured.Th ere were quite a few factors in the experiment that we controlled, for example we put stopper caps on the test tubes to stop the solution from evaporating. Also we used a syringe when measuring the amount of sucrose solution to make sure that we put the exact amount that we needed in each test tube. A top pan balance to 2. d. p was used which meant that our results were more accurate. We also made sure that our experiment was fair by only changing one variable which was the concentration of the sucrose solution and then keeping every other variable the same. ) Prepare a series of six sucrose solutions using 1. 0M sucrose and distilled water to give a range of 0. 0 – 1. 0M 2) Measure 25cm cubed of each sucrose concentration into separate boiling tubes and label with the appropriate molarity 3) Cut six cylinders from a swede using the cork borer. Trim to remove any skin and cut to the same length. 4) Dry the swede cylinders by rolling in a paper towel – the same number o f times for each cylinder. For each of the six sucrose bathing solutions, weigh a cylinder on the top pan balance. In a suitable table record its mass against the appropriate solution molarity. ) Using forceps place each cylinder into the correct sucrose concentration and insert the bung 6) Leave the swede cylinders in the test tube for an hour 7) Remove each cylinder from the tubes in the same order that they were put in. Roll each cylinder in a paper towel – the same number of times as in step 4. Reweigh and record the new mass in your table against the correct bathing solution 8) Calculate the change in mass for each cylinder 9) Draw a graph of your processed results showing the intercept. Now work out the water potential value using a calibration table or curve. Join the points with straight lines and do not extrapolateM| Water (ml)| Measurements before (g)| Measurements after (g)| Overall % change| 0. 0| 25| 2. 09| 2. 28| 9. 09| 0. 1| 22. 5| 2. 00| 2. 15| 7. 50| 0. 25| 1 8. 75| 1. 89| 2. 05| 8. 47| 0. 5| 12. 5| 2. 09| 2. 18| 4. 31| 0. 75| 6. 25| 1. 90| 1. 90| 0| 1| 0| 2. 16| 2. 03| -6. 02| Our results show us that there is negative correlation between the potential of sucrose solution and the mass of the swede samples decreases, we know this because on our graph we can see that overall the gradient of the line is decreasing which shows that as the potential of the sucrose solution gets higher the average mass of the swede sample decreases.An explanation as to why some swede samples gained mass and others lost mass is because if the swede samples are placed in a test tube with a low potential of sucrose solution then the water molecules in the sucrose solution will pass through a partially permeable membrane to the swede sample and if the potato samples are placed in a test tube with a high potential of sucrose solution then they will do the opposite and the water molecules in the swede sample will move to the sucrose solution.There may be some limit ations with our results because the recommended time to leave the swede cylinders in the test tube with the sucrose solution was for an hour but we were unable to leave them in there for that long and so that may be the reason why there are some anomalies in our results.If I was to make improvements to the experiment then I would have took a few more mass measurements for each sample so that my results are more reliable, I would also carry out the experiment on two different substances for example eggs and courgettes so that I am able to study whether osmosis takes place in the same way and I would compare where the two different equilibrium points are.From my results I can say that my hypothesis was correct because my results show me that the swede cylinders which were put in sucrose solution that was of a low potential became flaccid because the water molecules in the swede moved into the sucrose solution and the swede cylinders that were placed in sucrose solution of a high poten tial became turgid because the water molecules in the sucrose solution moved to the potato. In the future to study osmosis further i will keep the concentration of sucrose solution the same but place the test tubes in different environments to see whether this will affect how osmosis will take place.

Huckleberry Finn Analysis essays

Huckleberry Finn Analysis essays Although there are several themes that are apparent in Mark Twains The Adventures Huckleberry Finn, there is one theme that is more distinguished throughout the course of the novel than any other. This satirical view of Twains is apparent through his story of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain uses satire to convey his views on the failings and evils of society by poking fun at the institutions of religion, education, and slavery. This satirical view of Twains is apparent through his story of Huckleberry Finn. Religion is one of the key recipients of Twain's satire throughout the novel. Huck is forced by Ms. Watson to read and learn about the important people in The Bible, and within the first pages of the book we discover Huck is not fond of the widow or her lectures. Twain uses Huck to reveal his idea that people put so much devotion into the works of long-gone ancestors of The Bible that they ignore other moral accomplishments of the present day. It is shown that religious people seem to be blind to the realities of modern civilization, and are living their lives according to old morals. This is why Huck mentions that the widow does not see any good in his works, and regardless of what Huck feels, his good deeds are not anything honorable, like biblical events, in the eyes of his elders. Huck also feels that prayer is pointless, [Miss Watson] told me to pray every day, and whatever I asked for I would get it. But it warnt so. I tried it. (10). I says to myself, if a body can ge t anything they pray for, why dont Deacon Winn get back the money he lost on pork?...No, says I to myself, there aint nothing in it....so at last I reckoned I wouldnt worry about it anymore, but just let it go (12). Another time where Twains beliefs towards religion are revealed is when Huck attends church with the Grangerfords. As Huck is sitting in the church he notices that gun...

Content Marketing Strategy With CoSchedule And WordPress VIP

Content Marketing Strategy With And WordPress VIP Execute Your Enterprise Content Marketing Strategy With Ease Some of you have asked us if we would  integrate with WordPress.com VIP. Its now a reality. WordPress.com VIP is the leading WordPress solution for enterprises. Its essentially an all-in-one package for hosting and  support to help large brands rock with WordPress. will join the ranks of Facebook,  Getty Images, and Chartbeat  as one of only 22  technology partners for WordPress.com VIP users.  Technology partners like provide advanced integrations and partnerships to expand the capabilities of the core WordPress content management system. As a technology partner, will  provide the content marketing editorial calendar that combines blogging, social media, team workflow, and content marketing in a single tool. So, what does all of this mean? is available for WordPress.com VIP! Content marketing for enterprises just got easier.There is now a customized version of that integrates seamlessly with WordPress.com VIP. These special features  extend beyond the traditional editorial calendar to help WordPress.com VIP users  plan great content while saving a lot of time. Heres what you can expect from for WordPress.com VIP: 1. Use The Team Roles That Work For Your Business Every organization is different. You have your own unique names for the roles your team fills to execute your content marketing strategy. And every one of those roles has very specific responsibilities. Customize everyone’s role on your team to give them the permissions they need for their specific responsibilities. Help them use the features they need to do their work, and hide the ones that get in their way. You can even help certain team members only communicate with a few people. So if you have multiple departments or regions, theres a lot less confusion from too many conversations. 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Managing Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Knowledge - Essay Example Knowledge is passive, analytic and atomistic (Thomas, Kellogg & Erickson, 2001). This does not imply that knowledge is power, rather applied knowledge is power. To apply knowledge, to use the abundance of information that is available in any organization today, codification of knowledge is essential. Codification of knowledge into information implies making knowledge portable, re-usable and transferable within the organization (Hall, 2006). Only when this is possible can knowledge become power. Organizational knowledge can then be used to gain competitive edge over the rivals but the organization should know how to use that power. Technological advancements have made it possible to retain knowledge and transmit it to the persons concerned within the organization. Knowledge can be a powerful weapon when retained, transmitted, disseminated and applied. It is thus important to understand the implications and the ways of retaining and applying knowledge. Knowledge has been classified into two categories - tacit and explicit. Explicit knowledge is that which has been previously defined and codified. It is usually gained through formal education, training, books and now the internet. Explicit knowledge is static and does not have the capacity to renew itself (Ehin, 2008). It requires an outside entity to keep it current. Tacit knowledge on the other hand is acquired by interacting with others and is connected to life's experiences. Tacit knowledge is the basis for generation of new knowledge or "the key to knowledge creation lies in the mobilization and conversion of tacit knowledge" (Nonaka cited by Marwick, 2001). The individual tacit knowledge characterizes the human capital of an organization. Human capital is the combination of genetic inheritance, education, experience and attitude towards life and business (Bontis & Fitz-enz, 2002). Human capital is the source of innovation and strategy. Sustained competitive advantage can accr ue from a pool of human capital. Human capital adds value and is not substitutable. An organization is not a passive repository of knowledge. The tacit knowledge in the form of organization culture may interact with the explicit knowledge of the individual. The core competencies of an organization incorporate both tacit and explicit knowledge and should be conceived as a mix of skills and technologies (Lindgren & Wallstrom, 2000). These interactions and combinations result in new knowledge as organizational learning or innovation. This knowledge has to be efficiently managed so as to derive competitive advantage. Managing knowledge Managing knowledge or knowledge management (KM) is nothing more than getting the right information to the right people at the right time. It is also known by other terms like organizational learning, organizational memory and expertise management. Most organizations may not even be aware of the knowledge they have, let alone knowing how to manage knowledge. They may under estimate the value and creation of knowledge; they may even unknowingly give away what they possess (Earl & Scott, 2001). They may defer the sharing of knowledge or under invest in the utilization of the knowledge. As organizations started recognizing these facts, they created the post of a Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO), whose popularity and demand has increased in the recent

INDIVIDUAL REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INDIVIDUAL REPORT - Essay Example 6 Cultural relation and community cohesion†¦.. 7 Low wage keeps inflation low†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Dynamism in economic activities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Business relation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Treats of migration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Low wages keep other workers wages low†¦.. 9 Increase in criminal acts:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Use of government subsidized services without paying taxes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Sending money to home country:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Increased cost on society in terms of larger population †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Introduction Economic migration and its impact on the economy has scarcely been out of public debates over the past few months, with many controversies to the extent of social and economic gain to the developed, developing and under developed countries from immigration. However, economic migration has presented greater opportunities for the same countries, particularly in economic term (Marangozov, 2007). Today’s economic world is witnessing economic or labor migration rapidly mainly due to the increased demand for low-wage workers in developed countries and lack of employment opportunities in developing countries. Both men and women are pursuing to work in other countries in order to support themselves and their families back home. This piece of research presents a brief rep ort on economic migration and its impact on developed countries. This paper analyzes various benefits and threats of economic migration to an economy. Key trends and characteristics: Immigrants are classified into two distinct groups, economic migrants , who are individuals searching for high standard jobs and economic security and refugees, who are individuals fleeing persecution in their home country (Cortes 2001, p,41). These two categories do of course overlap. Higher numbers of migrant workers are from the EU accession states that is the most leading trends of recent economic migration. Immigration levels to the developed countries have increased in recent years, mainly driven by on going economic growth in the UK and by the opening of the labor market to the new EU accession states since recently (Marangozov, 2007). For example, between three months in 2007, the number of applications from the A8 countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Slovakia, and Slovenia) has been dropped to 50,000 from 52,000. The numbers thus have been coming to decline overall- during the above mentioned three months of the previous year, 56,000 workers registered (workpermit.com, 2007). The UK was one of the few EU nations opening its labor market to the ‘A8’ countries when they joined in 2004, causing a heavy inflow of immigration to the country. In response, the UK placed restrictions on some developing nationals when their countries joined the EU on January 2007 (workpermit.com) Worldwide Immigrants Statistics: Worldwide, there is around 191 million immigrants and the last 50 years have seen an almost doubling of immigration, out of them around 115 million migrants are living in developed countries; 38 million immigrants that account to be 20% are living in the US alone. According to some estimates, around 33% of all immigrants are living in Europe and a major portion of it lives in around 28 countries. Women immigrants

Critical Book Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical Book Review - Research Paper Example He uses personal experience as the chairman of the council of economic advisors under the presidency of bill Clinton from the year 1993 and as the chief economist at the World Bank from 1997 to make his arguments. During this period, Stiglitz became disenchanted with the International Monetary Fund and other international institutions which he regarded as acting against the interests of the poor developing countries in favor of the developed world. He argues that the economic policies of the International Monetary Fund are based on unsound neoliberal assumptions that are only beneficial to the developed economies. The main precept of the book is that pro-globalization policies have the potential of benefitting all countries if properly undertaken and properly incorporated into the individual characteristics of each particular country. Otherwise the objectives of globalization will not be realized as it will only continue to serve the interests of the developed world leaving the developing countries lagging behind in all aspects. Globalization should therefore be embraced by all countries on their own unique terms. These countries should consider their own culture, history, and traditions while embracing globalization in order to ensure that it doesn’t work against them. The adoption of poorly designed or emulated pro-globalization policies often has the effect of being costly to the concerned countries. The resultant effect is increase in the levels of instability which renders such countries more susceptible to reduced growth, external shocks and increase in the levels of poverty. He goes on to argue that globalization has not been fairly pushed to benefit all because the policies of liberalization were haphazardly implemented in the wrong order using inadequate and at times wrong economic principles. The consequences of this as he has pointed out is that terrible results are now being felt including

Finite and Non-Finite Verb

Finite and Non-Finite Verb Finite and Non-Finite Verb   Learning Objectives I will learn : how to distinguish between Finite and Non-Finite Verbs Infinitives, Participles and Gerunds Introduction Read the sentences given below: I am writing. You are writing. They were writing The verbs are different in the three sentences. This is because the verb is controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Therefore they are finite verbs. A finite verb is controlled by the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is singular. If the subject is plural the verb is plural Example : The boy runs fast. (subject is singular) The boys run fast. (subject is plural) A finite verb is controlled by the person. Example : I go to the gymnasium on Sunday. (I First Person) He goes to the gymnasium on Sunday. (He Third Person) A finite verb is controlled by the tense. It can be in the past, present or future tense. Example : She lives in Kolkata (Present Tense) She lived in Kolkata (Past Tense) Try Your Hand 1( H3) Pick out the finite verbs in the following sentences: She kept the plates in the sink. Looking at both sides, he crossed the street. The curtain is flying in the wind. Many of us will sign the petition. They are eager to join our club. It was raining heavily when I left. Rolling stones gather no moss. I have requested him to come. I enjoy reading books. Alighting from the aircraft she switched her mobile phone on. Now read the sentences given below: I enjoy listening to music. You enjoy listening to music. They enjoy listening to music. The verb 'listening' is not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Therefore it is a non-finite verb. Take a look at a few more sentences: I like to swim every evening. He likes to swim every evening They liked to swim every evening. The verb 'swim' remains unchanged whatever be the person, number and tense of the subject. On reading these sentences we see that some non-finite verbs end with -ing and some have to before them. Try Your Hand 2 (H3) Read the sentences given below and state whether the highlighted verbs are finite or non-finite: He was drawing a picture in his notebook. He wanted to draw a cartoon. Keeping her bag on the floor, she ran out. They wanted to meet the head teacher. I polish the silver ear-rings regularly. The weeping woman appealed for help. She had spoken the truth, but we had found it hard to believe her. Non -finite verbs are of three kinds : 1 Infinitives 2.Participles 3. Gerunds In this lesson we shall take up the Infinitive. Read the given sentences: I like to sing She tried to help the old man. 'To sing' and 'to find' are infinitives. The infinitive is the base form of the verb and it often has 'to' before it. Try Your Hand 3 (H3) Pick out the infinitives in the given sentences: To find fault is easy. I did not want to scare him. The best course of action would be to take leave. She phoned to speak to my father. In order to get a job he left college. He had no choice but to travel to Chennai. The young man rose to address the gathering. After certain verbs, such as bid, let, make, need, dare, see, hear, the infinitive is used without 'to' Example : Let us go for a picnic. She saw her brother win the race. He makes me read the lesson aloud. Try Your Hand 4 (H3) Pick out the infinitives in the given sentences: They need not cook today. He bid me sing a song. Let them draw whatever they want. The children saw her buy food. She is making him revise the lesson. They heard her speak to the policeman on duty. I dared not look into the room. Infinitives can be used to join sentences. Look at the examples given below. Ravi spoke the truth. He was not afraid to do so. These two sentences can be combined to form one sentence: Ravi was not afraid to speak the truth. We see that one of the main verbs 'spoke' is changed into the infinitive 'to speak' and used to combine the sentences. Take a look at another example. He remained inside the burning house. He wanted to rescue all the children. This pair of sentences will change to : He remained inside the burning house to rescue all the children. We see that an infinitive 'to rescue' which was already present in one of the sentences has been used to combine the sentences. Try Your Hand 5 (H3) Combine each pair of sentences by using an infinitive. We started running. We wanted to reach the station on time. Every school has a Principal. He decides how the school will function. The old man gave his servant one thousand rupees. He wanted to reward him for his faithful service. He is determined to attain a high post. He works day and night for that purpose. She collects old cook books from various parts of India. This is her hobby. They must write a letter of apology. That is the only way to avoid punishment. She goes to the hospital every day. She is always willing to look after needy patients. Quick Recap Finite verbs are controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Non-finite verbs are not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject There are three kinds of non-finite verbs : Infinitives, Participles and Gerunds. Participles and Gerunds may be similar in form as both end with ing. Infinitives are usually preceded by 'to'. However there are infinitives that are not preceded by 'to'. Infinitives can be used to combine sentences Brush Up Your Grammar (H2) Revision 1(H3) In the following sentences pick out the finite verbs and the non-finite words. The first sentence has been done for you : Hearing the knock on the door, she ran to open it. Non- finite : Hearing Finite: ran I want you to keep the keys in the drawer. She saw the fishermen casting their nets. Rina stopped at the shop to buy something. They enjoy performing in front of a live audience. She read the instructions on how to bake a cake. I heard the man give instructions to the taxi driver. Her sparkling eyes revealed her excitement. He kept himself busy by teaching children. Please permit me to order the rest of the books Revision 2 (H3) Fill in the blanks with appropriate non-finite verbs: I decided _____ out of the hotel and take a walk. Suddenly a number of monkeys surrounded me and began ____ my purse away. ____ here and there for help, I spotted a banana seller who was setting up his stall. I waved to him and bade him _____ towards me. _____ about two dozen bananas he hurried forwards. I saw him ____ the bananas on the ground. Then he began ____ their attention by making clicking sounds. _________ my bag the monkeys rushed towards him. I made my escape but came back later______ him and ______ for the bananas. Revision 3 (H3) Work in pairs. One of you will ask the question the other will give the answer with the help of the clues in brackets. The first one has been done for you : Why did you go out? (buy some fruits) I went out to buy some fruits Why are you standing here? (greet the Chief Guest) Why will Rajni go to Chennai? (visit her aunt) Why did you sell your car? (buy a car) Why did you travel by plane? (save time) Why did you go to the bazaar? (buy grocery) Why did you spend an extra hour in school? (practise football) Why are you going to College Street? (buy second hand books) Revision 4(H3) Complete the sentences using the correct non-finite form of the verb given in brackets: I am sorry for ________ (speak) rudely to you. It gives me great pleasure ________ (inform) you that you have been selected. I want to start now _______ (complete) the project on time. I shall continue ______ (run) early in the morning. It was rude of him ______ (scream) at his mother. I must stop ______ (give) advice to every one. I almost came under the wheels of the _____ (speed) bus Try This 1 Make a list of 4 things that you enjoy doing Looking at the starry sky __________________ _________________- _________________ _________________ Now, make a list of things you must remember to do in the coming week To cover my text books __________ __________ __________ __________ Try This 2 Use non-finites to write a dialogue between two friends about a three day camping trip that both will be going for. You could begin like this : Seema : I am going for the school camping trip. Wendy : So will I. In fact I saw you write your name on the list. Seema : I have decided to take my transistor. Carrying it will be no problem.